Dr. Jeff Masters' WunderBlog

The Northeast Heatwave
Posted by: Dr. Jeff Masters, 9:08 AM GMT on July 07, 2010 +3
Hi, Dr. Rob Carver, filling in for Jeff while he's on vacation.

The most significant weather event in the US on July 6, 2010 didn't show up on any radar. The geostationary satellites didn't see it in their constant watch over the Earth's atmosphere. Instead, the tale of this event was told by the thermometers, because the heatwave in the Northeast was the most significant event for July 6, and it will likely be the most important weather story for July 7.

The heat wave covers Pennsylvania to Maine, but Tuesday's worst was centered over New York City. All six of the stations used by the New York NWS office for climate reports (Central Park, La Guardia, JFK, Islip, Bridgeport, and Newark) set or tied the daily high temperature record. Newark and Central Park both reached 103 degrees F.

How unusual is this heat wave?
Figures 1 and 2 show how warm the highs and lows are compared to 30 year averages. Unless you were at the Great Lakes, the Midwest and Northeast have highs well above normal, with 10-15+ degree F differences over the coastal cities of the Northeast. Using my gridded temperature data, the low for New York City was 6 degrees F above normal, which should happen 30% of the time (1.1 standard deviations away from normal). The high was roughly 20 degrees above normal, which should happen only 0.29% of the time (3.04 standard deviations away from normal). This is an unusually strong heat wave.

Why it's hot
Basically, it's because there is "the Bull of a high pressure ridge [over the NE US]" to quote the Mount Holly NWS office forecast discussion. The large ridge of high pressure is forcing air to slowly descend across the Northeast, preventing clouds from forming. Without no clouds and plenty of daylight, the Sun heats the ground which then heats the air.

When will it cool down?
That's an excellent question. A trough of low pressure off the coast will bring onshore winds to the Tri-State area and MA by Thursday, so they should cool down a bit. The southern part of the heat wave, DC and Philadelphia, will have to wait for a cold front to arrive from the Great Lakes sometime Saturday to get relief.

Population affected
As Figure 3 shows, heat advisories covered most of the urban areas of the northeastern US. By my calculations, over 32 million people were under a heat advisory. Different offices have different guidelines for heat advisories. The NWS office responsible for New York issues a heat advisory if the heat index will be above 95 deg. F for two or more days or if the index will be above 100 deg. F for any length of time.


Fig.1 Plot of the difference between maximum temperature (the high for the day) and average maximum temperature in degrees F for July 6.


Fig.2 Plot of the difference between minimum temperature (the low for the day) and average minimum temperature in degrees F for July 6.


Fig.3 Plot of the active heat advisories across the northeastern US for July 6.

Heatwave impacts
The predominant impact from heat waves is increased mortality. CDC estimates that over 8,000 people died during heat waves from 1979 to 2003. That's more than all of the deaths due to lightning, flooding, tornadoes, hurricanes, and earthquakes. The elderly, sick, poor, and very young face the worst of the effects of the heat. Wikipedia has an interesting article describing the Chicago Heat Wave of 1995, a modern heat wave with a large number of fatalities due to the heat.

Heatwave coping strategies
The Centers for Disease Control have some tips for dealing with the heat. In summary, drink plenty of water, spend time in air-conditioned buildings, and wear light-colored clothing.

Is this heat wave due to global warming?
Ah, the $64,000 question. In the absence of detailed analysis, it's hard to specify the exact cause for this heat wave, from a meteorological or climatological view point. However, events like this are consistent with research showing that heat waves are more likely with
global warming
. I like the metaphor of loaded dice, global warming is not specifically responsible for any heat wave, but it will make them happen more often.

Tropics
My thinking on Invest 96L is unchanged from this blog entry. In summary, I believe that 96L has a <50 % chance becoming a tropical cyclone before it makes landfall. If it does so, it will likely be near the coast when that happens. In any event though, the winds and waves it generates will likely disrupt oil spill recovery efforts. Also, I would expect a broad area of showers and 20+ mph winds will affect the Gulf coast somewhere from south Texas to Louisiana.

Next update
I'll have an update this afternoon to talk about the tropics.
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151. Orcasystems 1:16 PM GMT on July 07, 2010    
Member Since: October 1, 2007 Posts: 77 Comments: 26076
152. Hardcoreweather2010 1:16 PM GMT on July 07, 2010    
Also an INVEST labeled in the 80's in a TEST INVEST
Member Since: January 24, 2010 Posts: 0 Comments: 529
154. belizeit 1:17 PM GMT on July 07, 2010    
Quoting Orcasystems:


AOI
Do you think this qualifies already for a depression
Member Since: January 10, 2010 Posts: 0 Comments: 785
155. tkeith 1:17 PM GMT on July 07, 2010    
Quoting MahFL:


They will go where they go, my desires do not matter.
That's a fact...
Member Since: November 1, 2004 Posts: 25 Comments: 8838
156. StormSurgeon 1:18 PM GMT on July 07, 2010    
Quoting MahFL:
Don't get me wrong, ideally I'd like a nice cat 1....but if a cat 3 comes....we are out of here !!!!


"Ideally", you'd log off........
Member Since: September 1, 2007 Posts: 0 Comments: 1792
158. HurricaneSwirl 1:20 PM GMT on July 07, 2010    
Quoting StormSurgeon:


Sorry, It's not a "name", it's a numeric designation.


Wow, way to nitpick LOL. Although I don't think you were trying to start an argument, and you're technically more correct.. but isn't a numeric designation just a type of name?
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159. HurricaneSwirl 1:22 PM GMT on July 07, 2010    
Quoting FLdewey:


And an invest labeled in the 70's is a DISCO INVEST!


LOL!
Member Since: July 7, 2008 Posts: 2 Comments: 3237
160. PensacolaDoug 1:22 PM GMT on July 07, 2010    
I've lived in Pensacola, right by the water, all of my life. I'm 50. I went thru Eloise in '75, Frederic in '79, Elena in '85, Erin and Opal in '95, Georges in '98. The point of all this is that I considered myself a "hurricane vetern" after experiencing all of those storms. That all changed on Sept, 15, 2004 when IVAN blew thru and re-defined my definition of a hurricane. Those other storms could not compare to ferocity and level of violence and damage that IVAN caused. I'm cured. I don't ever want to see that again.
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161. StormSurgeon 1:22 PM GMT on July 07, 2010    
Quoting HurricaneSwirl:


Wow, way to nitpick LOL. Although I don't think you were trying to start an argument, and you're technically more correct.. but isn't a numeric designation just a type of name?


Sorry, sat on a cactus this morning.....LOL
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162. hurricanehanna 1:23 PM GMT on July 07, 2010    
Quoting StormSurgeon:


Sorry, sat on a cactus this morning.....LOL

Ouch!
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163. aquak9 1:23 PM GMT on July 07, 2010    
.
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165. HurricaneSwirl 1:25 PM GMT on July 07, 2010    
Quoting StormSurgeon:


Sorry, sat on a cactus this morning.....LOL


LOL :)
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166. PensacolaDoug 1:25 PM GMT on July 07, 2010    
RE: 156.

Uncalled for dude.
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167. aquak9 1:25 PM GMT on July 07, 2010    
MahFL- are you in Jacksonville???!
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169. TampaSpin 1:28 PM GMT on July 07, 2010    
The COC of 96L is just off shore 21.3N 90.3W
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170. gator23 1:29 PM GMT on July 07, 2010    
Quoting belizeit:
Do you think this qualifies already for a depression

no, why would it.
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171. aspectre 1:29 PM GMT on July 07, 2010    
aspectre "How is crude getting into LakePontchartrain? Storm waves upon high tide overtopping the coast? Or leaving Rigolets/etc open for boat traffic instead of blocking the passages?
120 tkeith "both... Oh, and the booms dont work either. I spent 2 years building the new Rigolets Bridge and the currents at the Rigolets are comparative to river currents. I've spent alot of time on Pontchatrain, it makes me physically ill to see this."

My experiences were the coastal areas west of NewOrleans. It tightens my gut to think about them getting slimed... and about what it must be doing to the people who made their living/lifestyle there (though I s'pose things have changed so much that the lifestyle in my memories is mostly a thing of the past).
But I was thinking in terms of totally blocking inflow: eg dredging LakePonchartrain and dumping the mud&shells&etc into the passages. Too strong a current?
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175. Orcasystems 1:31 PM GMT on July 07, 2010    
Quoting belizeit:
Do you think this qualifies already for a depression


I don't, but one of the models did.
Member Since: October 1, 2007 Posts: 77 Comments: 26076
176. SAINTHURRIFAN 1:31 PM GMT on July 07, 2010    
hey doug actually freddy was a stronger storm than ivan at landfall. it was closer to sw al se ms on landfall. freddy was stengthening at landfall while ivan was weaker. actually as far as winds go only camille was stonger than freddy at landfall. freddy was also the costliest storm to hit the us at that time. not being picky but ask the folks on dauphin island what was worse for them freddy or ivan? they had thier island cut in two, and lost thier whole bridge. if orange beach and gulf shores were as built up in 1979 as they were in 2004 they may never rebuilt to that level lol. the only reason i state this is to me freddy is a ignored storm. in us landfalls, in the last 40 years, only hugo, andrew, camille, and charley had higher sustained winds than freddy at landfall and it was much larger than andrew and charley.fredrick the forgotten storm.
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177. hurricanehanna 1:34 PM GMT on July 07, 2010    
Quoting StormW:
INVEST 96L / TROPICAL SYNOPSIS ISSUED 7:30 A.M. JULY 07 2010

Mornin' Storm! Thanks for the update!
We'll be leaving for FL July 17 - see what you can do to keep the storms at bay! lol
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179. TampaSpin 1:36 PM GMT on July 07, 2010    
Never seen so much use of the word Decoupled and so misused and its only July 7th!
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180. hydrus 1:37 PM GMT on July 07, 2010    
Quoting PensacolaDoug:
I've lived in Pensacola, right by the water, all of my life. I'm 50. I went thru Eloise in '75, Frederic in '79, Elena in '85, Erin and Opal in '95, Georges in '98. The point of all this is that I considered myself a "hurricane vetern" after experiencing all of those storms. That all changed on Sept, 15, 2004 when IVAN blew thru and re-defined my definition of a hurricane. Those other storms could not compare to ferocity and level of violence and damage that IVAN caused. I'm cured. I don't ever want to see that again.
You went through Eloise? I would like to hear your experience on that. Eloise was a weird and powerful storm.
Member Since: September 27, 2007 Posts: 1 Comments: 14220
181. PensacolaDoug 1:37 PM GMT on July 07, 2010    
Freddy was a badass no doubt. I live next to the Naval Air Station. I was alot closer to IVAN than FREDDY and my personal experience was much worse with IVAN because of the proximity. FREDDY went up just west of Mobile if I remember right, While IVAN came in at Orange Beach.
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182. hurricanehanna 1:38 PM GMT on July 07, 2010    
Quoting StormW:


Where to?

Navarre....a little slice of Heaven!
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183. beeleeva 1:38 PM GMT on July 07, 2010    
Thanks Storm,,,more rain for Houston..
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184. Bigguy675 1:39 PM GMT on July 07, 2010    
I have been a watcher of this blog since 2004. I do not consider myself sufficient to talk about meteorological events. So I have the proverbial "dumb question". From all the reading I've done, the high pressure that has existed over the southeast (I'm a resident of Florida in Ft Pierce)is not good from the standpoint of recurving tropical storms or hurricanes away from the Southeast Florida coast. Right? But if I recall, if the Bermuda High is extended further east in the Atlantic, that would either help in turning them toward us or bringing them up towards Bermuda. Is my understanding correct?
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187. Patrap 1:41 PM GMT on July 07, 2010    
Member Since: July 3, 2005 Posts: 370 Comments: 111244
188. portcharlotte 1:41 PM GMT on July 07, 2010    
Here is Crown Wx's Tropical Discussion


Invest 96-L: Invest 96-L is looking quite pathetic this morning as it lacks persistent deep convection, although some new thunderstorm activity has begun to develop on the western side of this system over the past hour or two. Invest 96-L is a broad low pressure system that is located near the northwestern coast of the Yucatan Peninsula. The reason for the lack of deep convection near the center of the storm is that the low-level circulation and the mid-level circulation have split. The low-level circulation is tracking towards the central Texas coast, while that mid-level circulation is tracking towards northeast Mexico. This decoupling will make for a tough road for this system to really develop. It is possible that the mid-level center could develop further and lead to a new low level center developing and then going further and developing into a tropical cyclone. However, the combination of cooler, upwelled ocean waters from Alex and dry air, it seems less likely this morning that this system will develop into a tropical depression or a tropical storm.

With that said, the upper Texas coast, especially the Houston-Galveston area will have some very stormy weather today with widespread thunderstorms, heavy rainfall of around 2 inches expected and gusty winds. That mid-level center is forecast to track onshore in northeast Mexico during Thursday afternoon. It is still possible that this system could spin up into a tropical depression/tropical storm today into Thursday morning, especially as it nears the coast and takes advantage of the shape of the coastline and this is something that will be monitored closely.

Non-Tropical Low Pressure System Located 250 Miles West-Northwest Of Bermuda: I’m watching with some interest a non-tropical area of low pressure that is located about 250 miles west-northwest of Bermuda or near 35 North Latitude, 69 West Longitude. This is a very large system and is producing some convection near the center. It appears that this low pressure system will track southwestward today through Thursday and will be located just off of the coast of North Carolina late Thursday. After that, a frontal system will sweep this low pressure system out into the open Atlantic by this weekend. While this system will be watched very closely over the next few days, I do not think it will have enough time to transition into a tropical storm.

Trouble Brewing In The Long Range Model Guidance: The long range guidance like the GFS model and the European model are strongly hinting at tropical development in the eastern Atlantic by around July 17th to July 19th and this has the potential to be our first Cape Verde long track storm. The very long range GFS model (goes out 2 weeks) forecasts this particular system to be on the doorstep of the Lesser Antilles and Barbados around July 22nd. It should also be noted that the GFS model also is hinting at something trying to get going just north of Puerto Rico around July 17th.

I bring this up because it is not out of the question and I would not be at all surprised to have our first Cape Verde long tracked storm around Mid-July. The ensemble guidance is also strongly hinting at this with the ensemble members showing low pressure east of the Lesser Antilles around mid-July. Also teleconnections favor this type of an event. So, obviously this is something to keep an eye out for over the next week or two
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189. Kristina40 1:41 PM GMT on July 07, 2010    
I had a conversation with one of my customers yesterday about preparing/evacuating for a storm. She insists that "her house has been here for 60 years and there is no need to leave" even for a cat3 or 4. I pointed out there hasn't been a direct hit here in Panama City in decades. She then inisted that Opal was a direct hit...Which it was not. I thought it was a PCola hit and it was. It is sad that even people that should know better, don't.
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190. SAINTHURRIFAN 1:41 PM GMT on July 07, 2010    
your right doug ms/al line right at land fall 135mph winds ivan 120. have a condo on orange beach, folks form thier and toward fort morgan still say freddy is the king. i know mobile and east ms do as far as winds go lol
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191. hurricanehanna 1:42 PM GMT on July 07, 2010    
Quoting Patrap:

and here comes round....20? Mornin' Pat.
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192. PensacolaDoug 1:42 PM GMT on July 07, 2010    
Quoting hydrus:
You went through Eloise? I would like to hear your experience on that. Eloise was a weird and powerful storm.


I was 15 when Eloise came thru. My neighborhood didn't suffer the surge like we did in IVAN. What I remember from Eloise is mostly trees blown over and lots of busted limbs. I didnt have a car then so I wasn't able to get out and do much surveying.But what I saw for damage was mostly superficial.
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193. Patrap 1:43 PM GMT on July 07, 2010    
morn' hh..



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194. OracleDeAtlantis 1:44 PM GMT on July 07, 2010    
96L - no noise upstairs .... but [ "I've got a bad feeling about this drop." ]





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195. listenerVT 1:44 PM GMT on July 07, 2010    
Thank-you, Dr. Rob!

I was a little surprised to find my neck of the woods (NW VT) being part of the main Tropical blog post until I read that heat wave deaths are "more than all of the deaths due to lightning, flooding, tornadoes, hurricanes, and earthquakes."

Since many of us don't have air conditioning, this is our difficulty, much as folks in the south struggle when it snows, not having snowplows. To tell you the truth, I'd rather have minus-20 temps than plus-95! You can always add layers, but you can only take off layers just so far!

Those of you in the south who have managed at times without AC might want to tell your friends to the north some of your coping tips. Moreover, if you know someone up here who may not truly realise the dangers of working hard out in the heat, please give them a call.

I work at the local pubic Library and it's incredible how many people come through and comment that they were "out in the garden for three hours" in the middle of the day, while it's 93 degrees out! Easy to say "DUH!" but they just aren't experienced in what could go wrong. Or, as my husband likes to say it, "They're too young to know all that could happen."

Thanks! Take care, everybody!
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196. SAINTHURRIFAN 1:45 PM GMT on July 07, 2010    
but doug as far as winds and surge combined try 190 sustained camille, or 35 ft surge of water near waveland katrina. contrary to belief it seems our little coastline gets all the record breakers lol have a blessed day.
Member Since: August 20, 2005 Posts: 5 Comments: 668
197. Buhdog 1:46 PM GMT on July 07, 2010    
There is nothing wrong with having a desire to see a cane, but just remember to have your kit ready. Obviously if you are in a flood zone and a big surge comes you must evacuate, but if you have shutters or plywood...going through a cat 1 or 2 is not too bad if you are prepared.
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198. Patrap 1:47 PM GMT on July 07, 2010    
Quoting SAINTHURRIFAN:
but doug as far as winds and surge combined try 190 sustained camille, or 35 ft surge of water near waveland katrina. contrary to belief it seems our little coastline gets all the record breakers lol have a blessed day.


Camille surge Height was 24 Ft..in Biloxi.


Waveland was on the West side of the Eyewall with offshore winds..
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199. PensacolaDoug 1:48 PM GMT on July 07, 2010    
Quoting SAINTHURRIFAN:
but doug as far as winds and surge combined try 190 sustained camille, or 35 ft surge of water near waveland katrina. contrary to belief it seems our little coastline gets all the record breakers lol have a blessed day.



LOL! I have seen all I wish to see of landfalling 'canes. Like I said in the earlier post. I'm cured!
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200. synthvol 1:48 PM GMT on July 07, 2010    
What heat? We got 3.3" of rain from "Alex" last week, and 1.4" from "96L" so far this week (or 95, or both??!!) Our heat wave peaked just before that. I don't wish any storms on anyone naturally, but a southeast texas drought is a misnomer, that's for sure. Anyone have any thoughts on the spin around 13N 43W???
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201. Bigguy675 1:49 PM GMT on July 07, 2010    
In September 1979, my wife and I were about 3 months married when Hurricane David came through Jupiter, FL up through where I lived at the time (Port St. Lucie, FL). I thought it was so cool with all the wind and stuff. We didn't lose power and cable tv stayed online. After experiencing Hurricanes Frances and Jeanne, I never ever ever ever want to go through another one.
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About JeffMasters
Jeff co-founded the Weather Underground in 1995 while working on his Ph.D. He flew with the NOAA Hurricane Hunters from 1986-1990.

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