Dr. Jeff Masters' WunderBlog

Invest now to improve tornado warnings; an early start to hurricane season?
Posted by: Dr. Jeff Masters, 4:24 PM GMT on May 27, 2011 +6
The Atlantic hurricane season officially begin on Wednesday, June 1, and recent computer model runs predict that we may have some early-season action in the Central Caribbean Sea to coincide with the start of this year's season. The GFS, NOGAPS, and ECMWF models have all indicated in some of their recent runs that a tropical disturbance may form between Jamaica and Central America sometime in the May 31 - June 2 time frame, as a lobe of the Eastern Pacific Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) pushes across Central America into the Caribbean. Up until now, wind shear has been too high to allow tropical storm formation in the Caribbean, due to the presence of the Subtropical Jet Stream. However, this jet is expected to push northwards over Cuba over the coming week, allowing a region of low wind shear to develop over most of the Caribbean. Water temperatures in the Central Caribbean are about 1°C above average, 29°C, which is plenty warm enough to support development of a tropical storm. The main impediment to development will probably be lack of spin, as we don't have any African tropical waves that are expected to enter the Caribbean Sea next week, to help get things spinning. Stay tuned.


Figure 1. Satellite image of Typhoon Songda.

Typhoon Songda heads for Okinawa and Japan
Typhoon Songda brushed the Philippines yesterday, bringing heavy rains that killed at least two people. Fortunately, the brunt of this year's first Category 5 storm missed the islands, and Songda has weakened slightly to a Category 4 storm with 145 mph winds. Songda is turning northwards and will threaten the island of Okinawa on Saturday. Sea surface temperatures decline rapidly north of the Philippines, and Songda is expected to weaken significantly before reaching Okinawa, where sea surface temperatures are approximately 26°C. Wind shear will also increase to high levels by Saturday, and Songda should be at most a Category 2 typhoon by the time it reaches Okinawa. On Sunday,

Invest now for better tornado warnings
National Weather Service forecasters issued a tornado warning 24 minutes in advance of the Joplin, Missouri tornado this.week, which is now being blamed for at least 132 deaths--the deadliest U.S. tornado since at least 1947. However, we can do better, and the National Weather Service Employees Organization (NWSEO) put out a press release on May 23, arguing that investments in weather service forecasting technology are needed to reduce loss of life in future violent tornadoes:

"The 24-minute lead time is a great improvement over the average lead time of 13 minutes for tornado warnings. The meteorologists in the Springfield Weather Forecast Office are commended for their lifesaving work," said Dan Sobien, NWSEO President. "But in our age of advanced technology and communication, when new radars and modeling opportunities exist that can provide more lead time to get people out of the path of a storm, hundreds of people do not have to die because of a tornado event."

Sobien says the Joplin and Tuscaloosa tornadoes are examples of how the government's neglect to invest in NWS related infrastructure over the last 10 to 15 years has failed to provide the tools necessary to protect lives and property. He says that the tools forecasters use to issue tornado warnings are woefully inadequate and that the technology exists to provide lead times so far in advance of the storm that it would make the need for tornado warnings as we know them obsolete. "The much touted Doppler Weather Radar, also known as the Weather Service Radar or WSR-88D, was developed in 1988. Since that time, technological advances, including phased array radars developed by the Department of Defense, have been shown to increase the current lead time on tornado warnings by almost 50 percent."

"The much touted Warn on Forecast process utilizes Meso-scale modeling and has the potential to let forecasters know hours in advance where a thunderstorm would form and if it is likely to contain strong winds, hail, or even a tornado. With adequate staffing, local National Weather Service forecasters who understand local terrain and the model output, could be embedded with emergency managers and decision makers. In the event of a storm, the forecaster could provide emergency managers with the tornado track with some margin of error and people in the way of the storm could be evacuated hours before the tornado hits. This technology is being developed and tested right now, however without funding it will never be available."

"The art and science of severe weather warnings made considerable progress during the 1980s and 90s, going from almost zero lead time to average of about 13 minutes for tornado warnings. However, in recent years, that progress has stalled, even while the technological advancements have accelerated. If the country made the type of investment in the National Weather Service that it did in the 1980s, scenes like the ones in Missouri this week and in Alabama and Mississippi last month could be a thing of the past."

"I am very proud of my co-workers at the National Weather Service this tornado season. They saved many lives and having been there myself, I can assure you, they feel personally about every lost life," said Sobien. "I know that budgets are tight and there are many priorities, but if you put investing in the National Weather Service up to a vote today in tornado alley, I think the approval would be a landslide."


I wholeheartedly agree with this view--investments in better tornado forecasts and tornado observing technology will potentially give us a huge return in lives saved. Have a great holiday weekend, everyone, and I'll be back Monday or Tuesday with a new post.


Jeff Masters
Tornado Power (Betty2)
Sunday, LaCrosse, WI a tornado hit. This is a photo of a 2x4 board that slammed through a tire.. and, freaky, but it left the air in the tire! Photo was taken by my neighbor, Lori Hines, Gays Mills WI.
Tornado Power
25 May, (rdjgonzo)
May 25, 2011 at 7:10pm. Picture taken from Bartlett (Shelby County) TN.
25 May,
What A Storm (llpj04)
What A Storm
Categories: Tornado
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1201. MrstormX 6:01 PM GMT on May 29, 2011    
Quoting Grothar:


Interesting how the radar data just got lost after the storm moved over WFO Romeoville.
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1202. Bitmap7 6:01 PM GMT on May 29, 2011    
Quoting alfabob:
EPAC has developed an anti-cyclone around convection, up to 1% now.


Waning convection, high shear and models forming the system at 72hrs out seems to have reduced the probability of formation within 24hrs in the SW carib.
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1203. MrstormX 6:02 PM GMT on May 29, 2011    
SEVERE WEATHER STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE CHICAGO/ROMEOVILLE IL
100 PM CDT SUN MAY 29 2011

ILC091-291815-
/O.CON.KLOT.TO.W.0013.000000T0000Z-110529T1815Z/
KANKAKEE IL-
100 PM CDT SUN MAY 29 2011

...A TORNADO WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT FOR KANKAKEE COUNTY UNTIL 115
PM CDT...
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1204. 7080734 6:02 PM GMT on May 29, 2011    
God, the thunder is loud where I am.
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1206. KoritheMan 6:03 PM GMT on May 29, 2011    

Quoting xcool:
i wait for 18z cmc models
The CMC only runs twice: at 0z, and at 12z.
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1207. MrstormX 6:03 PM GMT on May 29, 2011    
Quoting 7080734:
God, the thunder is loud where I am.


I couldn't help but notice the 708 in your username, you live in Chicago area also?
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1208. IKE 6:03 PM GMT on May 29, 2011    

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1209. 7080734 6:04 PM GMT on May 29, 2011    
Quoting MrstormX:


I couldn't help but notice the 708 in your username, you live in Chicago area also?

Yup. I messed up making my username somehow.
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1210. CyclonicVoyage 6:08 PM GMT on May 29, 2011    
Upgraded to moderate risk along the Bow Echo.


Discussion

SPC AC 291619

DAY 1 CONVECTIVE OUTLOOK
NWS STORM PREDICTION CENTER NORMAN OK
1119 AM CDT SUN MAY 29 2011

VALID 291630Z - 301200Z

...THERE IS A MDT RISK OF SVR TSTMS OVER NORTHERN IL...NORTHERN
IND...AND SOUTHERN LOWER MI...

...THERE IS A SLGT RISK OF SVR TSTMS FROM THE SOUTHERN HIGH
PLAINS...INTO THE UPPER MIDWEST...AND EASTWARD TO WESTERN NEW
ENGLAND...

...IL TO LOWER MI...
A WELL-DEVELOPED BOW ECHO HAS FORMED THIS MORNING OVER NORTHEAST IL.
THIS CONVECTIVE COMPLEX IS EXPECTED TO TRACK EAST-NORTHEASTWARD
ALONG RETREATING WARM FRONT INTO PORTIONS OF IND AND LOWER MI BY
EARLY EVENING. ALTHOUGH THERE DOES NOT APPEAR TO BE A STRONG UPPER
SHORTWAVE TROUGH ASSOCIATED WITH THE STORMS...STRONG WESTERLY FLOW
ALOFT AND AMPLE INSTABILITY SUGGEST THE POTENTIAL FOR A LONG-LIVED
BOW AND RESULTING DERECHO EVENT. THEREFORE...HAVE UPGRADED TO
MODERATE RISK IN THIS REGION.
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1211. Grothar 6:09 PM GMT on May 29, 2011    
Quoting 7080734:
God, the thunder is loud where I am.



This could be why. Scary link


Link
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1212. 7080734 6:10 PM GMT on May 29, 2011    
Funnel Cloud spotted in Kankakee.
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1213. xcool 6:11 PM GMT on May 29, 2011    
KoritheMan .00Z; 06Z; 12Z; 18Z. CMC
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1214. BahaHurican 6:12 PM GMT on May 29, 2011    
Hold on, folks... bumpy ride ahead...

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1215. IKE 6:13 PM GMT on May 29, 2011    
Hour 72 12Z ECMWF.....


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1216. wunderkidcayman 6:13 PM GMT on May 29, 2011    
72 H looks bad for us

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1217. Grothar 6:13 PM GMT on May 29, 2011    
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1218. BahaHurican 6:13 PM GMT on May 29, 2011    


CARIBBEAN SEA...
THE UPPER TROUGH OVER THE W ATLC COVERING THE E GULF OF MEXICO
EXTENDS ACROSS W CUBA TO OVER THE FAR NW CARIBBEAN WITH DRY
STABLE AIR OVER THE NW CARIBBEAN W OF LINE FROM E CUBA NEAR
21N78W TO BELIZE NEAR 17N88W. THE REMAINDER OF THE CARIBBEAN IS
DOMINATED BY AN UPPER RIDGE ANCHORED ALONG THE COAST OF
VENEZUELA NEAR 65W. A SURFACE TROUGH REMAINS IN THE SW CARIBBEAN
EXTENDING FROM 13N77W TO COSTA RICA NEAR 10N83W. SCATTERED
SHOWERS/ISOLATED THUNDERSTORMS ARE WITHIN 75/90 NM OF LINE FROM
12N72W 13N79W TO 15N83W. SCATTERED SHOWERS/THUNDERSTORMS ARE
WITHIN 90 NM ALONG THE COAST OF S NICARAGUA FROM THE BORDER OF
COSTA RICA TO 13N. DIFFLUENT FLOW ALOFT COMPLIMENTS OF THE UPPER
RIDGE IS GIVING THE CENTRAL CARIBBEAN DENSE CLOUD COVER WITH
ISOLATED SHOWERS W OF THE DRY AIR OVER THE NW CARIBBEAN TO 68W.
WINDS WILL INCREASE OVER THE CENTRAL AND E CARIBBEAN THROUGH WED
BETWEEN DEVELOPING LOW PRESSURE OVER THE SW CARIBBEAN AND
SURFACE RIDGE OVER THE W ATLC. THE TROPICAL WAVE ALONG 60W WILL
CONTINUE TO MOVE ACROSS THE WINDWARD ISLANDS THIS AFTERNOON AND
TONIGHT.

ATLANTIC OCEAN...
A HIGHLY AMPLIFIED UPPER TROUGH EXTENDS FROM 31N59W WSW ALONG
28N72W ACROSS THE N BAHAMAS TO THE STRAITS OF FLORIDA AND THE N
COAST OF CUBA NEAR HAVANA.

IOW, doesn't sound like much doing today.... maybe tomorrow.
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1219. Tropicsweatherpr 6:15 PM GMT on May 29, 2011    
Levi, after the upgrades that some of the models have been thru recently,which model in your estimation will be the stellar one this season?
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1220. rmbjoe1954 6:16 PM GMT on May 29, 2011    
I wonder if the 'drought' in Florida has to do with the transition from La Nina to neutral conditions in the tropics.
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1221. Bitmap7 6:17 PM GMT on May 29, 2011    
Quoting wunderkidcayman:
72 H looks bad for us



Please don't tell me that they actually have the cmc on their minds.
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1222. Levi32 6:18 PM GMT on May 29, 2011    
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1223. BahaHurican 6:18 PM GMT on May 29, 2011    
On the CMC, I think it's performance is much improved over earlier years.... and a hurricane is not out of the realm of the possible even early in Jun. OTOH, it certainly does seem very unlikely given current conditions....
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1224. Levi32 6:18 PM GMT on May 29, 2011    
Quoting Tropicsweatherpr:
Levi, after the upgrades that some of the models have been thru recently,which model in your estimation will be the stellar one this season?


I still think the ECMWF is king, though I will hope for better performances from the GFS this year due to its upgrades.
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1225. BahaHurican 6:19 PM GMT on May 29, 2011    
Quoting rmbjoe1954:
I wonder if the 'drought' in Florida has to do with the transition from La Nina to neutral conditions in the tropics.
Likely enough.
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1226. cchsweatherman 6:20 PM GMT on May 29, 2011    
Quoting wunderkidcayman:
72 H looks bad for us



Very interesting to note the forecast progression of the high over the SE US.
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1227. Bitmap7 6:22 PM GMT on May 29, 2011    
Quoting BahaHurican:
On the CMC, I think it's performance is much improved over earlier years.... and a hurricane is not out of the realm of the possible even early in Jun. OTOH, it certainly does seem very unlikely given current conditions....


Think about it man. A hurricane sitting on top of us for a couple of days strengthening. That would be one of the worst disasters in human history. Do you know what the highest point on grand cayman is? 50 feet.
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1228. IKE 6:23 PM GMT on May 29, 2011    
120 hours.....


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1229. Hurricanes101 6:23 PM GMT on May 29, 2011    
Quoting Bitmap7:


Waning convection, high shear and models forming the system at 72hrs out seems to have reduced the probability of formation within 24hrs in the SW carib.


there was no probability of formation the SW Caribbean in 24 hours

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1230. weathermanwannabe 6:25 PM GMT on May 29, 2011    
With the historical average of about 1-2 storms spinning up in all of June/July, if this storm did materialize this early on, it would actually be a good wake-up call for folks to have preparations in place for the rest of the season....
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1231. stormwatcherCI 6:27 PM GMT on May 29, 2011    
Quoting Bitmap7:


Think about it man. A hurricane sitting on top of us for a couple of days strengthening. That would be one of the worst disasters in human history. Do you know what the highest point on grand cayman is? 50 feet.
Grand Cayman, the largest of the three islands, has an area of about 76 square miles and is approximately 22 miles long with an average width of four miles. Its most striking feature is the shallow, reef-protected lagoon, the North Sound, which has an area of about 35 square miles. The island is low-lying, with the highest point about 60 feet above sea level.
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1232. Bitmap7 6:29 PM GMT on May 29, 2011    
Quoting Hurricanes101:


there was no probability of formation the SW Caribbean in 24 hours



There was yesterday. They had the light blue in that spot.
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1233. Hurricanes101 6:31 PM GMT on May 29, 2011    
Quoting Bitmap7:


There was yesterday. They had the light blue in that spot.


I never put much stock in that map
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1234. Bitmap7 6:31 PM GMT on May 29, 2011    
Quoting stormwatcherCI:
Grand Cayman, the largest of the three islands, has an area of about 76 square miles and is approximately 22 miles long with an average width of four miles. Its most striking feature is the shallow, reef-protected lagoon, the North Sound, which has an area of about 35 square miles. The island is low-lying, with the highest point about 60 feet above sea level.


Close enough just 10 feet off. Still is a pretty serious situation with the cmc's scenario even if its 10ft higher than I stated. That point is also likely to be a small area in the shrubs of east end.
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1235. MiamiHurricanes09 6:33 PM GMT on May 29, 2011    
144 hours:

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1236. BahaHurican 6:34 PM GMT on May 29, 2011    
Quoting Bitmap7:


Think about it man. A hurricane sitting on top of us for a couple of days strengthening. That would be one of the worst disasters in human history. Do you know what the highest point on grand cayman is? 50 feet.
Yah, got to admit u guys are lower than us on New Providence, but not by much.... and I can tell u having a hurricane develop over ur head is rather.... shall we say, DISCONCERTING??? Happened here with Katrina in '05.... that morning clear skies and a TD passing through... no biggie.... that afternoon, TS Katrina strengthening all the way from Exuma to Miami, right overhead.... Trying to get home from work in the heavy localized flooding was an experience I'm not likely to forget...
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1237. Bitmap7 6:36 PM GMT on May 29, 2011    
>
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1238. Levi32 6:40 PM GMT on May 29, 2011    
Tighter by 168; It will probably deepen some more by the end of the run. It's also trapped under that ridge again, moving WNW.

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1239. sunlinepr 6:48 PM GMT on May 29, 2011    
Quoting JMasters (above)

"Up until now, wind shear has been too high to allow tropical storm formation in the Caribbean, due to the presence of the Subtropical Jet Stream. However, this jet is expected to push northwards over Cuba over the coming week, allowing a region of low wind shear to develop over most of the Caribbean".

Notice the Shear jet moving northwards Cuba

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1240. Levi32 6:50 PM GMT on May 29, 2011    
The NAEFS is also still confused. The ensemble spread (shaded colors) shows three possible locations for our tropical system by Day 7, illustrated by the pink blobs. One southeast of Texas (yay?), one near western Cuba, and one north of Puerto Rico. Given the size of the eastern U.S ridge and the trough over California, I think this last possibility is becoming the least likely.

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1241. cchsweatherman 6:51 PM GMT on May 29, 2011    
Quoting sunlinepr:
Quoting JMasters (above)

Up until now, wind shear has been too high to allow tropical storm formation in the Caribbean, due to the presence of the Subtropical Jet Stream. However, this jet is expected to push northwards over Cuba over the coming week, allowing a region of low wind shear to develop over most of the Caribbean.

Notice the Shear jet moving northwards Cuba



Very important to note what's now occurring in the SW Atlantic over the Bahamas. Now starting to see the evolution of the upper level low cutting off from the upper trough across the Atlantic. This will play a crucial role in what will happen in the coming week.
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1242. Levi32 6:52 PM GMT on May 29, 2011    
12z ECMWF Day 8 shows a deepening tropical depression with its neighboring upper low northwest of it over the Gulf of Mexico. The orientation of the 500mb ridge north of it hints at the possibility of it being gulf-bound.

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1243. MiamiHurricanes09 6:53 PM GMT on May 29, 2011    
Mimicking the 12z CMC...just weaker.

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1244. sunlinepr 6:54 PM GMT on May 29, 2011    


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1245. Levi32 6:54 PM GMT on May 29, 2011    
By Day 9, a tropical storm:

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1246. cchsweatherman 6:54 PM GMT on May 29, 2011    
Quoting Levi32:
The NAEFS is also still confused. The ensemble spread (shaded colors) shows three possible locations for our tropical system by Day 7, illustrated by the pink blobs. One southeast of Texas (yay?), one near western Cuba, and one north of Puerto Rico. Given the size of the eastern U.S ridge and the trough over California, I think this last possibility is becoming the least likely.



Starting to think the Gulf region may be coming more into play, but it remains speculation for now.
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1247. Hurricanes101 6:55 PM GMT on May 29, 2011    
Quoting Levi32:
12z ECMWF Day 8 shows a deepening tropical depression with its neighboring upper low northwest of it over the Gulf of Mexico. The orientation of the 500mb ridge north of it hints at the possibility of it being gulf-bound.



Its amazing how just this time yesterday we saw the chances of something entering the Gulf as very unlikely

What was the most likely scenario (NE towards the islands), is now becoming the unlikely scenario
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1248. BahaHurican 6:55 PM GMT on May 29, 2011    
Just as anecdotal information, winds have been quite fresh here all day... most recently out of the N....
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1249. cchsweatherman 6:56 PM GMT on May 29, 2011    
Quoting Levi32:
By Day 9, a tropical storm:



The lowering heights over the system suggest a more conducive environment for strengthening developing with time.
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1250. Levi32 6:56 PM GMT on May 29, 2011    
Quoting Hurricanes101:


Its amazing how just this time yesterday we saw the chances of something entering the Gulf as very unlikely

What was the most likely scenario (NE towards the islands), is now becoming the unlikely scenario


Not really, actually. The gulf scenario was there but only for the long-term. Yesterday, most of the models had the thing developing and scooting out of the Caribbean by Day 5 and 6. I mentioned that the gulf would be possible if it stayed there for 8-10 days, but the majority of the models weren't showing that. Today, however, they are, and now the gulf seems open.
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1251. stormhank 6:57 PM GMT on May 29, 2011    
afternnon everyone...I ask this earlier but, Ive noticed how the SOI has crashed the past feww weeks,,,down to +2.0 and that cloudiness near the dateline has increased as well..could that be pointing towards a developing El Nino?? I know most models show neutral conditions through the summer any input on this?? Thanks
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About JeffMasters
Jeff co-founded the Weather Underground in 1995 while working on his Ph.D. He flew with the NOAA Hurricane Hunters from 1986-1990.

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